Python 3.10.4 (tags/v3.10.4:9d38120, Mar 23 2022, 23:13:41) [MSC v.1929 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. DreamPie 1.2.1 >>> for znak in 'řetězec': ... print(znak) ř e t ě z e c >>> for znak in 'řetězec': ... print(znak, end='') řetězec >>> for znak in enum('řetězec'): ... print(znak) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module> for znak in enum('řetězec'): NameError: name 'enum' is not defined >>> for znak in enumerate('řetězec'): ... print(znak) (0, 'ř') (1, 'e') (2, 't') (3, 'ě') (4, 'z') (5, 'e') (6, 'c') >>> 'řetězec'[0] 0: 'ř' >>> 'řetězec'[-2] 1: 'e' >>> 'řetězec'[-2:] 2: 'ec' >>> for znak in enumerate('řetězec', start=10): ... print(znak) (10, 'ř') (11, 'e') (12, 't') (13, 'ě') (14, 'z') (15, 'e') (16, 'c') >>> for i,znak in enumerate('řetězec', start=10): ... print(znak) ř e t ě z e c >>> for i,znak in enumerate('řetězec', start=10): ... print(i) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 >>> for i,znak in enumerate('řetězec', start=10): ... print(i, znak) 10 ř 11 e 12 t 13 ě 14 z 15 e 16 c >>> for i in range(10): ... print(i) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >>> range(10) 3: range(0, 10) >>> list(range(10)) 4: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> len('řetězec') 5: 7 >>> for i in range(len('řetězec')): ... print('řetězec'[i]) ř e t ě z e c >>> a, b = 1, 2 >>> a 6: 1 >>> b 7: 2 >>> a, b = 1, 2, 3 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#19>", line 1, in <module> a, b = 1, 2, 3 ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2) >>> a, b, c = 1, 2 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#20>", line 1, in <module> a, b, c = 1, 2 ValueError: not enough values to unpack (expected 3, got 2) >>> *a, b = 1, 2, 3 >>> a 8: [1, 2] >>> b 9: 3 >>> a, *b = 1, 2, 3 >>> a 10: 1 >>> b 11: [2, 3] >>> a, *b = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#27>", line 1, in <module> a, *b = 1 TypeError: cannot unpack non-iterable int object >>> a, *b = 1, >>> a 12: 1 >>> b 13: [] >>> a, *b, c = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 >>> a 14: 1 >>> b 15: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6] >>> c 16: 7 >>> a, *_, c = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 >>> _ 17: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6] >>> a 18: 1 >>> _ 19: 1 >>> '''*a, b, *c = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7''' 20: '*a, b, *c = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7' >>> a, b = 1, 2 >>> a 21: 1 >>> b 22: 2 >>> a, b = b, a >>> a 23: 2 >>> b 24: 1 >>> a, b, c = 'xyz' >>> a 25: 'x' >>> b 26: 'y' >>> c 27: 'z' >>> def fn(): ... return 666, 'ahoj' >>> fn() 28: (666, 'ahoj') >>> x = fn() >>> x 29: (666, 'ahoj') >>> x, y = fn() >>> x 30: 666 >>> y 31: 'ahoj' >>> for i in range(10): ... print(i, end=' ') 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >>> range(10) 32: range(0, 10) >>> for i in range(3, 10): ... print(i, end=' ') 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 >>> for i in range(3, 10, 3): ... print(i, end=' ') 3 6 9 >>> xs = { ... 0: 1, ... 1: 1, ... 2: 2, ... 3: 3, ... 4: 5, ... } >>> xs = { ... 0: 1, ... 1: print, ... 2: 2, ... 3: "Ahoj!", ... 4: [1, 2, '3'], ... } >>> hash(3) 33: 3 >>> hash('abc') 34: -804707632711823930 >>> hash( ('abc', 3, 222) ) 35: 3238121243830809328 >>> xs 36: {0: 1, 1: <built-in function print>, 2: 2, 3: 'Ahoj!', 4: [1, 2, '3']} >>> xs[3] 37: 'Ahoj!' >>> dir(xs) 38: ['__class__', '__class_getitem__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__ior__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__or__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__ror__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'clear', 'copy', 'fromkeys', 'get', 'items', 'keys', 'pop', 'popitem', 'setdefault', 'update', 'values'] [About 44 more lines. Double-click to unfold] >>> for i in xs: ... print(i) 0 1 2 3 4 >>> for i in xs.keys(): ... print(i) 0 1 2 3 4 >>> for i in xs.values(): ... print(i) 1 <built-in function print> 2 Ahoj! [1, 2, '3'] >>> for i in xs.items(): ... print(i) (0, 1) (1, <built-in function print>) (2, 2) (3, 'Ahoj!') (4, [1, 2, '3']) >>> for key,value in xs.items(): ... print(key, value) 0 1 1 <built-in function print> 2 2 3 Ahoj! 4 [1, 2, '3'] >>> for k,v in xs.items(): ... print(k, v) 0 1 1 <built-in function print> 2 2 3 Ahoj! 4 [1, 2, '3'] >>> xs 39: {0: 1, 1: <built-in function print>, 2: 2, 3: 'Ahoj!', 4: [1, 2, '3']} >>> xs[5] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#76>", line 1, in <module> xs[5] KeyError: 5 >>> xs.get(4) 40: [1, 2, '3'] >>> xs.get(5) >>> xs.get(5, 'Neexistující klíč!') 41: 'Neexistující klíč!' >>> str([1, 2, 'ahoj', 3]) 42: "[1, 2, 'ahoj', 3]" >>> dir([1, 2, 'ahoj', 3]) 43: ['__add__', '__class__', '__class_getitem__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort'] [About 46 more lines. Double-click to unfold] >>> [1, 2, 'ahoj', 3].__str__() 44: "[1, 2, 'ahoj', 3]" >>> 'a' in 'ahoj' 45: True >>> 'ah' in 'ahoj' 46: True >>> 'ah' not in 'ahoj' 47: False >>> 'A' not in 'ahoj' 48: True >>> '+'*10 49: '++++++++++' >>> 10*'+' 50: '++++++++++' >>> 'ahoj' and 333 51: 333 >>> [] and 333 52: [] >>> 'ahoj' or [] 53: 'ahoj' >>> [] or 'ahoj' 54: 'ahoj' >>> bool('ahoj') 55: True >>> bool('') 56: False >>> bool(None) 57: False >>> bool(fn) 58: True >>> fn 59: <function fn at 0x000001C46D2C9F30> >>> True + True 60: 2 >>> True and True 61: True >>> True + False 62: 1 >>> int(False) 63: 0 >>> int(True) 64: 1 >>> x = y = 'a' >>> x 65: 'a' >>> y 66: 'a' >>> id(x) 67: 1943156662960 >>> id(y) 68: 1943156662960 >>> x = 'b' >>> x 69: 'b' >>> y 70: 'a' >>> xs = [1, 2, 3] >>> ys = xs >>> ys 71: [1, 2, 3] >>> xs[0] = 'a' >>> xs 72: ['a', 2, 3] >>> ys 73: ['a', 2, 3] >>> for x in range(333): ... print(chr(x), end=' ')                           ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~  €  ‚ ƒ „ … † ‡ ˆ ‰ Š ‹ Œ  Ž   ‘ ’ “ ” • – — ˜ ™ š › œ  ž Ÿ   ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © ª « ¬ ­ ® ¯ ° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿ À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ Ā ā Ă ă Ą ą Ć ć Ĉ ĉ Ċ ċ Č č Ď ď Đ đ Ē ē Ĕ ĕ Ė ė Ę ę Ě ě Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ġ ġ Ģ ģ Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ĩ ĩ Ī ī Ĭ ĭ Į į İ ı IJ ij Ĵ ĵ Ķ ķ ĸ Ĺ ĺ Ļ ļ Ľ ľ Ŀ ŀ Ł ł Ń ń Ņ ņ Ň ň ʼn Ŋ ŋ Ō >>> sorted('xoňpn') 74: ['n', 'o', 'p', 'x', 'ň'] >>>