Python 3.13.7 (tags/v3.13.7:bcee1c3, Aug 14 2025, 14:15:11) [MSC v.1944 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information. DreamPie 1.2.1 >>> xs = list(range(6)) >>> xs 0: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5] >>> xs.append('a') >>> xs 1: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'a'] >>> xs.append(['abc', 333]) >>> xs 2: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'a', ['abc', 333]] >>> xs[-1] 3: ['abc', 333] >>> xs.append('abc', 333) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#7>", line 1, in <module> xs.append('abc', 333) ~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^ TypeError: list.append() takes exactly one argument (2 given) >>> xs.extend(['abc', 333]) >>> xs 4: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'a', ['abc', 333], 'abc', 333] >>> xs[-1] 5: 333 >>> xs[-3] 6: ['abc', 333] >>> xs[-3][-1] 7: 333 >>> xs + [1, 2, 3] 8: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'a', ['abc', 333], 'abc', 333, 1, 2, 3] >>> xs 9: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'a', ['abc', 333], 'abc', 333] >>> xs = xs + [1, 2, 3] >>> xs 10: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'a', ['abc', 333], 'abc', 333, 1, 2, 3] >>> id(xs) 11: 1927923788224 >>> xs = xs + ['a', 'b', 'c'] >>> id(xs) 12: 1927923786880 >>> xs 13: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'a', ['abc', 333], 'abc', 333, 1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c'] >>> xs += [7, 6, 5] >>> id(xs) 14: 1927923786880 >>> xs 15: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'a', ['abc', 333], 'abc', 333, 1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c', 7, 6, 5] >>> dir([]) 16: ['__add__', '__class__', '__class_getitem__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getstate__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort'] [About 47 more lines. Double-click to unfold] >>> len(xs) 17: 19 >>> xs [15:] 18: ['c', 7, 6, 5] >>> del xs[15:] >>> xs 19: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'a', ['abc', 333], 'abc', 333, 1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b'] >>> del xs[15:] >>> xs 20: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'a', ['abc', 333], 'abc', 333, 1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b'] >>> xs[15:] 21: [] >>> xs[15] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#32>", line 1, in <module> xs[15] ~~^^^^ IndexError: list index out of range >>> len(xs) 22: 15 >>> xs[14] 23: 'b' >>> xs[14:] 24: ['b'] >>> xs[13:] 25: ['a', 'b'] >>> xs[15:] 26: [] >>> xs[22:] 27: [] >>> for x in xs: ... print(x, end=' ') 0 1 2 3 4 5 a ['abc', 333] abc 333 1 2 3 a b >>> x 28: 'b' >>> [z for z in xs] 29: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'a', ['abc', 333], 'abc', 333, 1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b'] >>> z Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#42>", line 1, in <module> z NameError: name 'z' is not defined >>> [... for z in xs] 30: [Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis, Ellipsis] >>> type(...) 31: <class 'ellipsis'> >>> [print for z in xs] 32: [<built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>, <built-in function print>] >>> def fn(): ... ... >>> def fn(): ... Ellipsis >>> def fn(): ... pass >>> [(x, y) for x in [1, 2, 3] for y in ('a', 'b', 'c')] 33: [(1, 'a'), (1, 'b'), (1, 'c'), (2, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (2, 'c'), (3, 'a'), (3, 'b'), (3, 'c')] >>> [(x, y, z) for x in [1, 2, 3] for y in ('a', 'b', 'c') for z in {'!', '@', '#'}] 34: [(1, 'a', '@'), (1, 'a', '#'), (1, 'a', '!'), (1, 'b', '@'), (1, 'b', '#'), (1, 'b', '!'), (1, 'c', '@'), (1, 'c', '#'), (1, 'c', '!'), (2, 'a', '@'), (2, 'a', '#'), (2, 'a', '!'), (2, 'b', '@'), (2, 'b', '#'), (2, 'b', '!'), (2, 'c', '@'), (2, 'c', '#'), (2, 'c', '!'), (3, 'a', '@'), (3, 'a', '#'), (3, 'a', '!'), (3, 'b', '@'), (3, 'b', '#'), (3, 'b', '!'), (3, 'c', '@'), (3, 'c', '#'), (3, 'c', '!')] >>> [(x, y, z) ... for x in [1, 2, 3] ... for y in ('a', 'b', 'c') ... for z in {'!', '@', '#'} ... ] 35: [(1, 'a', '@'), (1, 'a', '#'), (1, 'a', '!'), (1, 'b', '@'), (1, 'b', '#'), (1, 'b', '!'), (1, 'c', '@'), (1, 'c', '#'), (1, 'c', '!'), (2, 'a', '@'), (2, 'a', '#'), (2, 'a', '!'), (2, 'b', '@'), (2, 'b', '#'), (2, 'b', '!'), (2, 'c', '@'), (2, 'c', '#'), (2, 'c', '!'), (3, 'a', '@'), (3, 'a', '#'), (3, 'a', '!'), (3, 'b', '@'), (3, 'b', '#'), (3, 'b', '!'), (3, 'c', '@'), (3, 'c', '#'), (3, 'c', '!')] >>> xs = [0, 0, 0] >>> ys = xs * 3 >>> ys 36: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0] >>> ys = [xs, xs, xs] >>> ys 37: [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]] >>> xs[1] = 'Baf!' >>> ys 38: [[0, 'Baf!', 0], [0, 'Baf!', 0], [0, 'Baf!', 0]] >>> ys = [[0, 0, 0] for i in range(3)] >>> ys 39: [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]] >>> ys = [xs, xs, xs] >>> zs = [[0, 0, 0] for i in range(3)] >>> ys 40: [[0, 'Baf!', 0], [0, 'Baf!', 0], [0, 'Baf!', 0]] >>> ys[0][0] = 666 >>> ys 41: [[666, 'Baf!', 0], [666, 'Baf!', 0], [666, 'Baf!', 0]] >>> zs 42: [[0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]] >>> zs[0][0] = 666 >>> zs 43: [[666, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]] >>> id(zs[0]) 44: 1927924254464 >>> id(zs[1]) 45: 1927923927808 >>> id(zs[2]) 46: 1927924254592 >>> id(ys[0]) 47: 1927923793664 >>> id(ys[1]) 48: 1927923793664 >>> id(ys[2]) 49: 1927923793664 >>> xs = { ... (1, 1): 'A', ... (1, 2): 'B', ... (2, 1): 'C', ... (2, 2): 'D', ... } >>> xs 50: {(1, 1): 'A', (1, 2): 'B', (2, 1): 'C', (2, 2): 'D'} >>> xs[(2, 1)] 51: 'C' >>> xs[2, 1] 52: 'C' >>> for x in xs: ... print(x) (1, 1) (1, 2) (2, 1) (2, 2) >>> for x in xs.keys(): ... print(x) (1, 1) (1, 2) (2, 1) (2, 2) >>> for x in xs.values(): ... print(x) A B C D >>> for x in xs.items(): ... print(x) ((1, 1), 'A') ((1, 2), 'B') ((2, 1), 'C') ((2, 2), 'D') >>> for x in xs: ... print(x, xs[x]) (1, 1) A (1, 2) B (2, 1) C (2, 2) D >>> for k,v in xs.items(): ... print(k, v) (1, 1) A (1, 2) B (2, 1) C (2, 2) D >>> for (k,v) in xs.items(): ... print(k, v) (1, 1) A (1, 2) B (2, 1) C (2, 2) D >>> xs 53: {(1, 1): 'A', (1, 2): 'B', (2, 1): 'C', (2, 2): 'D'} >>> xs[(1, 1)] 54: 'A' >>> xs[(1, 3)] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#88>", line 1, in <module> xs[(1, 3)] ~~^^^^^^^^ KeyError: (1, 3) >>> xs.get((1, 1)) 55: 'A' >>> xs.get((1, 3)) >>> print(xs.get((1, 3))) None >>> xs.get((1, 3), 'Baf!') 56: 'Baf!' >>> xs.get((1, 2), 'Baf!') 57: 'B' >>> dict([('c', 'ahoj'), (666, 'lokus')]) 58: {666: 'lokus', 'c': 'ahoj'} >>> # ale má to být (a na konzoli i je): {'c': 'ahoj', 666: 'lokus'} >>> xs = "abrakadabra" >>> from collections import Counter >>> COunter(xs) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#98>", line 1, in <module> COunter(xs) ^^^^^^^ NameError: name 'COunter' is not defined >>> Counter(xs) 59: Counter({'a': 5, 'b': 2, 'r': 2, 'k': 1, 'd': 1}) >>> ys = Counter(xs) >>> ys 60: Counter({'a': 5, 'b': 2, 'r': 2, 'k': 1, 'd': 1}) >>> ys['a'] 61: 5 >>> ys['A'] 62: 0 >>> zs = {'a': 5, 'b': 2, 'r': 2, 'k': 1, 'd': 1} >>> zs['a'] 63: 5 >>> zs['A'] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#106>", line 1, in <module> zs['A'] ~~^^^^^ KeyError: 'A' >>> type({}) 64: <class 'dict'> >>> # type({:}) >>> type(set()) 65: <class 'set'> >>> fn 66: <function fn at 0x000001C0E13B8CC0> >>> fn() >>> dir(fn) 67: ['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__call__', '__class__', '__closure__', '__code__', '__defaults__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__get__', '__getattribute__', '__getstate__', '__globals__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__kwdefaults__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__name__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__qualname__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__type_params__'] >>> fn.abc = 'Baf!' >>> dir(fn) 68: ['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__call__', '__class__', '__closure__', '__code__', '__defaults__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__get__', '__getattribute__', '__getstate__', '__globals__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__kwdefaults__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__name__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__qualname__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__type_params__', 'abc'] >>> fn.abc 69: 'Baf!' >>> fn.baf = lambda x: x**3 >>> fn.baf 70: <function <lambda> at 0x000001C0E13BA8E0> >>> fn.baf(2) 71: 8 >>>